TDB–DSS for colitis肠膜炎

About 40 years ago, studies on dextran sulfate for inducing colitis in experimental animals had begun at Pharmacia, Uppsala. The Group in the Chemistry Department run by Tony de Belder, prepared dextran sulfates with different molecular weights and degrees of substitution; work which finally led to the choice of a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) salt with a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa and sulfate content of 16-19% for studies on colitis in experimental animals (1). The DSS for colitis was administered orally in the drinking water at concentrations of 2-5%. In 1991, production was started on a small scale and made available through TdB Consultancy (now TdB Labs).

Ref (1). A-C.Bylund-Fellenius, L-G.Axelsson and E.Landström. Protective effect of sulfasalazine and olsalazine in dextran sulfate-induced colitis in the mouse. Gastroenterology. 1992;102(4):A600.

The DSS for colitis is supplied as the sodium salt and is stabilized by a small addition of phosphate salts. A certificate of analysis is supplied with each batch. The molecular weight range, sulfur content, moisture etc. are carefully controlled.

Dosage recommendations for DSS induced colitis
A concentration of 2-4% DSS in the drinking water is recommended for obtaining clinical symptoms in mice and variations will depend on the strain, ages, sex and liquid consumption. For rats, somewhat higher concentrations may be required, the recommended dosage is 3.5-5%. The dosage in all experimental animals should also be adjusted in accordance to the requirements of your study – a milder onset of colitis or a more aggressive response. Those wishing to use DSS must consider the purpose of the study and thereby first test a range of doses from 2.5 to 5 % DSS in the drinking water.

DSS structure
Dextran is a polysaccharide derived from the bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides B512F and consists of an α-D-(1 – 6) linear glucan with a low content (ca. 5%) of sidechains linked to the 3-carbon of glucose. DSS is a sulfated derivative of a dextran fraction with a mean molecular weight of 40 kDa. The degree of sulfatation of DSS lies between 16 to 19 %. This is a vital parameter in ensuring potency of the product.

Storage and stability of DSS for colitis
DSS is stable for more than 6 years when stored dry in well-sealed containers at ambient temperature

DSS solubility 
DSS for colitis is freely soluble in water.

Applications of DSS
Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) salt is used to induce intestinal inflammation in experimental animals. Read more about applications here.

大约 40 年前，在乌普萨拉的法玛西亚开始了硫酸葡聚糖诱导实验动物结肠炎的研究。由Tony de Belder领导的化学系小组，制备了不同分子量和取代度的硫酸葡聚糖；最终导致选择分子量约为 40 kDa 且硫酸盐含量为 16-19% 的葡聚糖硫酸钠 (DSS) 盐用于实验动物结肠炎的研究 (1)。用于结肠炎的 DSS 在饮用水中以 2-5% 的浓度口服给药。 1991 年，开始小规模生产，并通过 TdB 咨询公司（现为 TdB 实验室）提供。

参考 (1)。 A-C.Bylund-Fellenius、L-G.Axelsson 和 E.Landström。柳氮磺吡啶和奥沙拉秦对硫酸葡聚糖诱导的小鼠结肠炎的保护作用。胃肠病学。 1992；102(4)：A600。

用于结肠炎的 DSS 以钠盐形式提供，并通过添加少量磷酸盐来稳定。每批都提供分析证书。仔细控制分子量范围、硫含量、水分等。

DSS 诱导的结肠炎的剂量建议
建议在饮用水中使用 2-4% DSS 的浓度来获得小鼠的临床症状，其变化取决于品系、年龄、性别和液体消耗。对于大鼠，可能需要更高的浓度，推荐剂量为 3.5-5%。所有实验动物的剂量也应根据您的研究要求进行调整 – 结肠炎的发作较轻或更积极的反应。那些希望使用 DSS 的人必须考虑研究的目的，从而首先测试饮用水中 2.5% 到 5% DSS 的剂量范围。

DSS结构
葡聚糖是一种源自肠系膜明串珠菌 B512F 的多糖，由 α-D-(1 – 6) 线性葡聚糖和低含量（约 5%）的侧链连接到葡萄糖的 3-碳上。 DSS 是平均分子量为 40 kDa 的葡聚糖部分的硫酸化衍生物。 DSS 的硫酸化度在 16% 到 19% 之间。这是确保产品效力的重要参数。

DSS 用于结肠炎的储存和稳定性
在环境温度下，在密封良好的容器中干燥储存时，DSS 可稳定保存 6 年以上

DSS溶解度
用于结肠炎的 DSS 易溶于水。

DSS的应用
硫酸葡聚糖钠 (DSS) 盐用于诱导实验动物的肠道炎症。